MD5 Sums are 32 byte character strings that are the result of running the MD5 sum program against a particular file. Since any difference between two files results in two different strings, MD5's can be used to determine that the file or iso you downloaded is a bit-for-bit copy of the remote file or iso.
If you are running one of the GNU/Linux distributions, you should already have the MD5 program installed. If you run Windows and don't have the program, you can download a dos shell version
here or a Windows version
here . The Windows version can be downloaded in .zip or .exe format, and installed in the usual manner. The DOS version file is the executable program file. Once downloaded, copy or move it to your c:\windows\command directory. Then, open up an MS-DOS window, and go to the directory of the downloaded iso file that you wish to check. Once you are in that directory,
type the following: md5sum the_name_of_the.iso
If you have a problem with the DOS 8.3 file name limit, just rename the .iso file to an 8.3 name similar to the original file name. Once the program has run, and it will take a few minutes to run on a 640 megabyte file, a 32 digit md5sum will be generated. This sum should be exactly the same as the listed md5 sum for the specific iso you downloaded. If the sums are different, then your downloaded iso is not an exact copy, and will have to be downloaded again. It's a bother, but it happens. Better to know before you waste time and energy trying to install something that is never going to install. On occasion I do make mistakes posting MD5 Sums. If you have a question about the posted MD5Sum, email me.